Table of Contents
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be found in two types. The main type is called phylloquinone, found in green leafy vegetables like collard greens, kale, and spinach. The other type, menaquinones, are found in some animal foods and fermented foods. Menaquinones can also be produced by bacteria in the human body.
Vitamin K assists to make numerous proteins that are needed for blood clot and the structure of bones. Prothrombin is a vitamin K-dependent protein directly included with blood clot. Osteocalcin is another protein that needs vitamin K to produce healthy bone tissue.
Vitamin K is discovered throughout the body including the liver, brain, heart, pancreas, and bone. It is broken down very rapidly and excreted in urine or stool. Because of this, it rarely reaches toxic levels in the body even with high intakes, as may often accompany other fat-soluble vitamins. [1]
Why do people take vitamin K?
Low levels of vitamin K can raise the danger of unchecked bleeding. While vitamin K deficiencies are rare in grownups, they are extremely common in newborn infants. A single injection of vitamin K for babies is standard. Vitamin K is likewise utilized to counteract an overdose of the blood thinner Coumadin.
While vitamin K shortages are unusual, you might be at higher danger if you:.
Have an illness that affects absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, such as Crohn’s illness or active celiac illness.
- Take drugs that hinder vitamin K absorption
- Are badly malnourished
- Consume alcohol heavily
- In these cases, a health care company might suggest vitamin K supplements.
Uses of vitamin K for cancer, for the symptoms of early morning sickness, for the removal of spider veins, and for other conditions are unproven. Discover more about vitamins k2 and d3 in addition to which foods pack the greatest amount. [2]
Summary
Vitamin K can be found in a variety of different types, called vitamers. Types of vitamin K are either phylloquinones (vitamin K1) or menaquinones (vitamin K2). There are various vitamers within the vitamin K2 class, abbreviated as MK-x.
The minimum reliable dose for phylloquinone (vitamin K1) is 50mcg, which is enough to please the Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for vitamin K. The optimum dose for vitamin K1 is 1,000 mcg.
The minimum effective dosage for short chain menaquinones (MK-4) is 1,500 mcg. Dosages of up to 45mg (45,000 mcg) have been securely used in a superloading dosing procedure.
The minimum efficient dose for longer chain menaquinones (MK-7, MK-8, and MK-9) is between 90-360mcg. Further research is required to identify the optimum efficient dosage for MK-7.
A topical application of vitamin K need to contain at least 5% phylloquinone.
Vitamin K should be supplemented alongside fats, even if the vitamin is coming from a plant-based source, so consider taking vitamin K at meal time. Microwaving plant-based sources of vitamin K will increase the absorption rate of the vitamin. [3]
Which foods include vitamin K?
Vitamin K is a group of substances divided into two groups– K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone).
Vitamin K1, the most common kind, is mainly discovered in plant foods, specifically dark leafy greens. K2, on the other hand, is only discovered in animal foods and fermented plant foods, such as natto.
The following 20 foods are great sources of vitamin K.
1. Kale (prepared)– 443% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 531 mcg (443% of the DV).
100 grams: 817 mcg (681% of the DV).
2. Mustard greens (prepared)– 346% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 415 mcg (346% of the DV).
100 grams: 593 mcg (494% of the DV).
3. Swiss chard (raw)– 332% of the DV per serving
1 leaf: 398 mcg (332% of the DV).
100 grams: 830 mcg (692% of the DV).
4. Collard greens (prepared)– 322% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 386 mcg (322% of the DV).
100 grams: 407 mcg (339% of the DV).
5. Natto– 261% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 313 mcg (261% of the DV).
100 grams: 1,103 mcg (920% of the DV).
6. Spinach (raw)– 121% of the DV per serving
1 cup: 145 mcg (121% of the DV).
100 grams: 483 mcg (402% of the DV).
7. Broccoli (prepared)– 92% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 110 mcg (92% of the DV).
100 grams: 141 mcg (118% of the DV).
8. Brussels sprouts (prepared)– 91% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 109 mcg (91% of the DV).
100 grams: 140 mcg (117% of the DV).
9. Beef liver– 60% of the DV per serving
1 piece: 72 mcg (60% of the DV).
100 grams: 106 mcg (88% of the DV).
10. Pork chops– 49% of the DV per serving
3 ounces: 59 mcg (49% of the DV).
100 grams: 69 mcg (57% of the DV).
11. Chicken– 43% of the DV per serving
3 ounces: 51 mcg (43% of the DV).
100 grams: 60 mcg (50% of the DV).
12. Goose liver paste– 40% of the DV per serving
1 tablespoon: 48 mcg (40% of the DV).
100 grams: 369 mcg (308% of the DV).
13. Green beans (prepared)– 25% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 30 mcg (25% of the DV).
100 grams: 48 mcg (40% of the DV).
14. Prunes– 24% of the DV per serving
5 pieces: 28 mcg (24% of the DV).
100 grams: 60 mcg (50% of the DV).
15. Kiwi– 23% of the DV per serving
1 fruit: 28 mcg (23% of the DV).
100 grams: 40 mcg (34% of the DV).
16. Soybean oil– 21% of the DV per serving
1 tablespoon: 25 mcg (21% of the DV).
100 grams: 184 mcg (153% of the DV).
17. Hard cheeses– 20% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 25 mcg (20% of the DV).
100 grams: 87 mcg (72% of the DV).
18. Avocado– 18% of the DV per serving
Half of a fruit, medium: 21 mcg (18% of the DV).
100 grams: 21 mcg (18% of the DV).
19. Green peas (prepared)– 17% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 21 mcg (17% of the DV).
100 grams: 26 mcg (22% of the DV).
20. Soft cheeses– 14% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 17 mcg (14% of the DV).
100 grams: 59 mcg (49% of the DV).
3 more vegetables high in vitamin K
The best sources of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) are dark, leafy green veggies. In fact, the prefix “phyllo” in this vitamin’s name describes leaves.
1. Beet greens (prepared)– 290% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 349 mcg (290% of the DV).
100 grams: 484 mcg (403% of the DV).
2. Parsley (fresh)– 137% of the DV per serving
1 sprig: 164 mcg (137% of the DV).
100 grams: 1,640 mcg (1,367% of the DV).
3. Cabbage (cooked)– 68% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 82 mcg (68% of the DV).
100 grams: 109 mcg (91% of the DV).
6 more meat products high in vitamin K
Fatty meats and liver are outstanding sources of vitamin K2, though the content differs by the animal’s diet and might vary in between areas or producers. Remember that research study on the vitamin K2 content of animal foods is incomplete.
1. Bacon– 25% of the DV per serving
3 ounces: 30 mcg (25% of the DV).
100 grams: 35 mcg (29% of the DV).
2. Ground beef– 7% of the DV per serving
3 ounces: 8 mcg (7% of the DV).
100 grams: 9.4 mcg (8% of the DV).
3. Pork liver– 6% of the DV per serving
3 ounces: 6.6 mcg (6% of the DV).
100 grams: 7.8 mcg (7% of the DV).
4. Duck breast– 4% of the DV per serving
3 ounces: 4.7 mcg (4% of the DV).
100 grams: 5.5 mcg (5% of the DV).
5. Beef kidneys– 4% of the DV per serving
3 ounces: 4.9 mcg (4% of the DV).
100 grams: 5.7 mcg (5% of the DV).
6. Chicken liver– 3% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 3.6 mcg (3% of the DV).
100 grams: 13 mcg (11% of the DV).
9 more dairy foods and eggs high in vitamin K
Dairy foods and eggs are decent sources of vitamin K2.
Like meat, their vitamin material depends upon the animal’s diet, and particular worths might vary by region or producer.
1. Jarlsberg cheese– 19% of the DV per serving
1 slice: 22 mcg (19% of the DV).
100 grams: 80 mcg (66% of the DV).
2. Soft cheeses– 14% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 17 mcg (14% of the DV).
100 grams: 59 mcg (49% of the DV).
3. Edam cheese– 11% of the DV per serving
1 piece: 13 mcg (11% of the DV).
100 grams: 49 mcg (41% of the DV).
4. Blue cheese– 9% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 10 mcg (9% of the DV).
100 grams: 36 mcg (30% of the DV).
5. Egg yolk– 5% of the DV per serving
1 big: 5.8 mcg (5% of the DV).
100 grams: 34 mcg (29% of the DV).
6. Cheddar– 3% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 3.7 mcg (3% of the DV).
100 grams: 13 mcg (11% of the DV).
7. Whole milk– 3% of the DV per serving
1 cup: 3.2 mcg (3% of the DV).
100 grams: 1.3 mcg (1% of the DV).
8. Butter– 2% of the DV per serving
1 tablespoon: 3 mcg (2% of the DV).
100 grams: 21 mcg (18% of the DV).
9. Cream– 2% of the DV per serving
2 tablespoons: 2.7 mcg (2% of the DV).
100 grams: 9 mcg (8% of the DV).
7 more fruits high in vitamin K
Fruits normally do not include as much vitamin K1 as leafy green vegetables, however a couple of supply decent amounts.
1. Blackberries– 12% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 14 mcg (12% of the DV).
100 grams: 20 mcg (17% of the DV).
2. Blueberries– 12% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 14 mcg (12% of the DV).
100 grams: 19 mcg (16% of the DV).
3. Pomegranate– 12% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 14 mcg (12% of the DV).
100 grams: 16 mcg (14% of the DV).
4. Figs (dried)– 6% of the DV per serving
5 pieces: 6.6 mcg (6% of the DV).
100 grams: 16 mcg (13% of the DV).
5. Tomatoes (sun-dried)– 4% of the DV per serving
5 pieces: 4.3 mcg (4% of the DV).
100 grams: 43 mcg (36% of the DV).
6. Grapes– 3% of the DV per serving
10 grapes: 3.5 mcg (3% of the DV).
100 grams: 15 mcg (12% of the DV).
7. Red currants– 3% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 3.1 mcg (3% of the DV).
100 grams: 11 mcg (9% of the DV).
8 more nuts and vegetables high in vitamin K
Some vegetables and nuts provide good quantities of vitamin K1 however usually much less than leafy greens.
1. Soybeans (cooked)– 13% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 16 mcg (13% of the DV).
100 grams: 33 mcg (28% of the DV).
2. Grown mung beans (prepared)– 12% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 14 mcg (12% of the DV).
100 grams: 23 mcg (19% of the DV).
3. Cashews– 8% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 9.7 mcg (8% of the DV).
100 grams: 34 mcg (28% of the DV).
4. Red kidney beans (cooked)– 6% of the DV per serving
1/2 cup: 7.4 mcg (6% of the DV).
100 grams: 8.4 mcg (7% of the DV).
5. Hazelnuts– 3% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 4 mcg (3% of the DV).
100 grams: 14 mcg (12% of the DV).
6. Pine nuts– 1% of the DV per serving
10 nuts: 0.9 mcg (1% of the DV).
100 grams: 54 mcg (45% of the DV).
7. Pecans– 1% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 1 mcg (1% of the DV).
100 grams: 3.5 mcg (3% of the DV).
8. Walnuts– 1% of the DV per serving
1 ounce: 0.8 mcg (1% of the DV).
100 grams: 2.7 mcg (2% of the DV) [4]
Chemistry
Vitamin K and its derivatives consist of a 2-methyl-1,4- naphthoquinone nucleus with a lipophilic side chain (figure 1). The structure is similar to warfarin and other coumarin-like anticoagulants, which function as vitamin K antagonists. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) has a phytyl side chain. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) has a number of forms, each with an isoprenoid side chain, designated MK-4 (or menatetrenone) through MK-13 according to the length of the side chain. The most common form of menaquinone has four residues (MK-4).
Metabolism
Vitamin K absorption needs intact pancreatic and biliary function and fat absorptive mechanisms. Dietary vitamin K is protein-bound and is liberated by the proteolytic action of pancreatic enzymes in the small intestine. Bile salts then solubilize vitamin K into combined micelles for absorption into enterocytes, where it is incorporated into chylomicrons, thus facilitating absorption into the digestive lymphatics and portal blood circulation for transport to the liver. In the liver it is repackaged into really low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). It circulates in small quantities bound to lipoprotein.
Vitamin K: 5 scientifically shown benefits
Promotes blood clot
You probably consider blood cells or platelets when clotting is gone over, but vitamin K is actually essential to this process that keeps you from extreme bleeding at even the smallest of injuries.
K plays a key role in the creation of pro-blood clotting proteins referred to as elements II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X, and anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) proteins known as proteins C, S, and Z.
But although this procedure is essential, some individuals clot too easily. Some blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin (brand Coumadin), work by antagonizing the action of vitamin K.
Because of this, it is incredibly essential that people on warfarin keep their vitamin K levels constant. That implies enjoying their vitamin K consumption throughout the time they’re taking warfarin and getting routine blood evaluates done.
Avoid osteoporosis and support strong bones
However wait, isn’t that calcium and vitamin D? That’s the Fate’s Kid scenario at play. There are really vitamin K-dependent proteins needed for correct bone health.
This fat-soluble vitamin has to be present for an enzyme called gamma-glutamyl carboxylase to make the protein osteocalcin work, through a process called carboxylation, which is needed for bone development (Beulens, 2013).
Regardless of its crucial function in managing bone metabolic process, it’s unclear whether vitamin K can lower the risk of bone fractures. Past research has recommended that getting adequate vitamin K can help avoid bone loss and reduce hip fractures in older males and females (Hamidi, 2013).
Bone health
And research study done specifically on postmenopausal ladies with osteoporosis has revealed prospective gain from K2 supplements. But a meta-analysis found that vitamin K might aid with bone mineral density in some physical areas, however not others (Fang, 2011; Iwamoto, 2014).
More work requirements to be done to clarify the relationship and see if supplementing with the Ks might assist prevent fractures, particularly those at the hip.
May improve memory in older grownups
Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP) that require the intake of vitamin K to work appropriately don’t simply impact your bone modeling, however.
The VKDPs not associated with bone growth or blood clotting are included with the metabolic process of sphingolipids, a class of lipids commonly found in brain cell membranes that are included with cellular occasions.
Changes in sphingolipid metabolic process have actually been linked with not just age-related cognitive decline however likewise neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s (Ferland, 2012).
Recent research study suggests that vitamin K antagonists, which are utilized as anticoagulants, may have an unfavorable impact on visual memory, spoken fluency, and brain volume. However it does not appear to enter just one instructions (Alisi, 2019).
Greater vitamin K levels, specifically phylloquinone (K1), are related to enhanced spoken episodic memory, though no distinction was observed with non-verbal episodic memory (Presse, 2013).
Keep high blood pressure down
Getting an adequate consumption of vitamin K may likewise be necessary to your heart health because it might be able to assist prevent high blood pressure (unusually high blood pressure) and lower your risk of heart disease (more on that in a second).
Low vitamin D and K status have actually been linked to high blood pressure with increases in both systolic and diastolic high blood pressure. Like D, vitamin K engages closely with calcium in your body, in this case, assisting to manage the levels of this mineral in your blood (Ballegooijen, 2017).
Vascular calcification– a procedure in which minerals like calcium are transferred in capillary, blocking blood flow with time– prevails as we age. However getting the appropriate quantity of vitamin K might assist avoid mineralization, warding off this process and keeping high blood pressure lower.
Lower risk of heart disease
Your danger of a cardiovascular occasion is carefully related to the calcification of your capillary.
In fact, one meta-analysis that looked at 30 studies discovered a 300– 400 percent boost in your threat of cardiovascular occasions with the existence of calcification on any arterial wall (Rennenberg, 2009).
But higher blood levels of the K1 form of vitamin K are connected with a lower risk of heart disease. [6]
What is Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding?
Vitamin K shortage bleeding or VKDB, takes place when children can not stop bleeding due to the fact that their blood does not have sufficient Vitamin K to form an embolism. The bleeding can occur anywhere on the inside or beyond the body. When the bleeding occurs inside the body, it can be hard to observe. Typically, an infant with VKDB will bleed into his/her intestines, or into the brain, which can cause brain damage and even death. Infants who do not receive the vitamin K chance at birth can develop VKDB at any time approximately 6 months of age. There are three types of VKDB, based upon the age of the infant when the bleeding issues begin: early, classical and late. More info about these types is consisted of listed below.
Why are children most likely to have vitamin K shortage and to get VKDB?
All infants, despite sex, race, or ethnic background, are at greater risk for VKDB up until they begin consuming regular foods, normally at age 4-6 months, and up until the typical intestinal germs begin making vitamin K. This is due to the fact that:
At birth, babies have extremely little vitamin K saved in their bodies because only small amounts pass to them through the placenta from their moms.
The great bacteria that produce vitamin K are not yet present in the newborn’s intestinal tracts.
Breast milk contains low quantities of vitamin K, so specifically breastfed children don’t get enough vitamin K from the breast milk, alone.
What can I do to prevent my baby from getting vitamin K deficiency and VKDB?
The bright side is that VKDB is quickly avoided by providing children a vitamin K shot into a muscle in the thigh. One shot provided just after birth will safeguard your child from VKDB. In order to offer instant bonding and contact between the newborn and mother, offering the vitamin K shot can be delayed up to 6 hours after birth.
Is the Vitamin K shot safe?
Yes. Numerous research studies have actually shown that vitamin K is safe when provided to babies. For more information about the security of the vitamin K shot, please see our FAQ’s.
What might trigger children to be deficient in vitamin K and have bleeding issues?
Some things can put babies at a greater danger for developing VKDB. Infants at greater threat include:
- Babies who do not get a vitamin K chance at birth. The risk is even greater if they are specifically breastfed.
- Children whose moms utilized certain medications, like isoniazid or medications to deal with seizures. These drugs disrupt how the body uses vitamin K.
- Infants who have liver disease; often they can not utilize the vitamin K their body shops.
- Babies who have diarrhea, celiac illness, or cystic fibrosis typically have trouble absorbing vitamins, including vitamin K, from the foods they eat.
How frequently are infants affected with vitamin K shortage bleeding?
Because children can be affected up until they are 6 months old, doctor divide VKDB into three types; early, classical and late. The chart listed below assists explain these three different types.
Early and classical VKDB are more typical, happening in 1 in 60 to 1 in 250 newborns, although the threat is much greater for early VKDB amongst those infants whose mothers utilized particular medications throughout the pregnancy.
Late VKDB is rarer, happening in 1 in 14,000 to 1 in 25,000 babies (1– 3).
Babies who do not get a vitamin K shot at birth are 81 times more likely to develop late VKDB than babies who do get a vitamin K shot at birth. [7]
Reasons For Vitamin K Shortage
Vitamin K shortage can result from the following:
- Absence of vitamin K in the diet
- A very low fat diet since vitamin K is best absorbed when eaten with some fat
- Disorders that impair fat absorption and that therefore lower the absorption of vitamin K (such as obstruction of the bile ducts or cystic fibrosis)
- Certain drugs, consisting of antiseizure drugs, and some prescription antibiotics
- Usage of large amounts of mineral oil, which might lower the absorption of vitamin K
Newborns are prone to vitamin K deficiency because of the following:
- Only small amounts of vitamin K pass from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy.
- Throughout the first few days after birth, the newborn’s intestinal tract has not yet acquired germs to produce vitamin K.
Symptoms of Vitamin K Shortage
The primary symptom of vitamin K shortage is bleeding (hemorrhage)– into the skin (triggering bruises), from the nose, from a wound, in the stomach, or in the intestinal tract. Often bleeding in the stomach causes throwing up with blood. Blood might be seen in the urine or stool, or stools may be tarry black.
In babies, lethal bleeding within or around the brain may take place.
Having a liver disorder increases the threat of bleeding, due to the fact that clotting factors are made in the liver.
Vitamin K deficiency might likewise damage bones.
Medical Diagnosis of Vitamin K Shortage
Blood tests
Doctors think vitamin K shortage when unusual bleeding takes place in people with conditions that put them at risk.
Blood tests to measure how quickly embolism are done to help verify the medical diagnosis. Understanding how much vitamin K people consume helps physicians interpret outcomes of these blood tests. In some cases the vitamin K level in the blood is determined.
Treatment of Vitamin K Shortage
A vitamin K injection in the muscle is suggested for all newborns to reduce the threat of bleeding within the brain after delivery.
If vitamin K deficiency is detected, vitamin K is usually taken by mouth or offered by injection under the skin. If a drug is the cause, the dose of the drug is changed or extra vitamin K is offered. [8]
Negative effects
In addition to its necessary impacts, a medication might cause some unwanted results. Although not all of these adverse effects may happen, if they do happen they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following adverse effects happen:.
Less common
- Decreased cravings
- decreased motion or activity
- trouble in breathing
- bigger liver
- general body swelling
- irritation
- muscle tightness
- paleness
- yellow eyes or skin
Rare
- Trouble in swallowing
- fast or irregular breathing
- lightheadedness or fainting
- shortness of breath
- skin rash, hives and/or itching
- swelling of eyelids, face, or lips
- tightness in chest
- distressed breathing and/or wheezing
Rare
- Blue color or flushing or redness of skin
- lightheadedness
- fast and/or weak heartbeat
- increased sweating
- low high blood pressure (short-term)
Some adverse effects might occur that normally do not need medical attention. These side effects might go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Likewise, your healthcare expert might be able to inform you about ways to prevent or minimize some of these adverse effects. Contact your health care professional if any of the following adverse effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any concerns about them:.
- Less common
- Flushing of face
- soreness, discomfort, or swelling at location of injection
- skin sores at place of injection (rare)
- unusual taste
Opposite results not listed might likewise happen in some patients. If you observe any other effects, consult your healthcare professional. [9]
Possible Interactions
If you are currently being treated with any of the following medications, you ought to not take vitamin K without first speaking with your healthcare company.
Prescription antibiotics– Prescription antibiotics, especially those known as cephalosporins, lower the absorption of vitamin K in the body. Utilizing them for more than 10 days may decrease levels of vitamin K since these drugs kill not just hazardous bacteria however likewise the bacteria that make vitamin K. Individuals who already have low levels of vitamin K, such as those who are malnourished, senior, or taking warfarin (Coumadin) are at higher danger. Cephalosporins include:.
- Cefamandole (Mandol)
- Cefoperazone (Cefobid)
- Cefmetazole (Zefazone)
- Cefotetan (Cefotan)
Phenytoin (Dilantin)– Phenytoin disrupts the body’s ability to use vitamin K. Taking anticonvulsants (such as phenytoin) during pregnancy or while breastfeeding may reduce vitamin K in newborns.
Warfarin (Coumadin)– Vitamin K obstructs the impacts of the blood-thinning medication warfarin, so that it doesn’t work. You need to not take vitamin K, or eat foods containing high quantities of vitamin K, while you are taking warfarin. Speak with your doctor for specific dietary standards.
Orlistat (Xenical, Alli) and Olestra– Orlistat, a medication utilized for weight reduction, and olestra, a compound contributed to some foods, decreases the quantity of fat you body can soak up. Due to the fact that vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, these medications may likewise lower levels of vitamin K. The Food and Drug Administration now requires that vitamin K and other fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) be added to food products containing olestra. Doctors who prescribe orlistat normally recommend taking a multivitamin with these vitamins. If you should not be taking vitamin K, then you ought to avoid foods that contain olestra.
Cholesterol-lowering medications– Bile acid sequestrants, used to reduce cholesterol, lower how much fat your body absorbs and may likewise minimize absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. If you take among these drugs, your physician might suggest a vitamin K supplement:.
- Cholestyramine (Questran)
- Colestipol (Colestid)
- Colsevelam (Welchol) [10]
Dangers
No bearable ceiling has been figured out for vitamin K. Toxicity is rare and not likely to result from consuming foods including vitamin K.
However, taking any kind of supplement can lead to toxicity.
Vitamin K can connect with numerous typical medications, consisting of blood-thinners, anticonvulsants, prescription antibiotics, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and weight-loss drugs.
Blood slimmers, such as warfarin are utilized to prevent damaging blood clots that might block blood flow to the brain or heart. They work by decreasing or delaying vitamin K’s clotting capability. Unexpectedly increasing or decreasing vitamin K consumption can hinder the results of these drugs. Keeping vitamin K consumption constant from day to day can avoid these problems.
Anticonvulsants, if taken during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, can increase the risk of vitamin K deficiency in a fetus or a newborn. Examples of anticonvulsants are phenytoin and dilantin.
Cholesterol-lowering medications disrupt fat absorption. Dietary fat is essential for soaking up vitamin K, so people who are taking this medication may have a higher risk of shortage.
Anyone who is taking any of these medications need to talk to their medical professional about their vitamin K consumption.
The very best method to guarantee the body has enough nutrients is to consume a balanced diet plan, with plenty of fruit and vegetables. Supplements ought to only be utilized in case of deficiency, and after that, under medical supervision. [11]
Conclusion
Vitamins are substances that your body requires to grow and develop generally. Vitamin K assists your body by making proteins for healthy bones and tissues. It likewise makes proteins for blood clotting. If you don’t have enough vitamin K, you may bleed excessive.
Babies have very little vitamin K. They generally get a shot of vitamin K soon after they are born.
If you take blood thinners, you need to be cautious about just how much vitamin K you get. You also need to be cautious about taking vitamin E supplements. Vitamin E can hinder how vitamin K works in your body. Ask your healthcare service provider for recommendations about these vitamins.
There are various kinds of vitamin K. The majority of people get vitamin K from plants such as green vegetables, and dark berries. Germs in your intestinal tracts likewise produce percentages of another type of vitamin K. [12]
Referrals
- https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-k/
- https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/supplement-guide-vitamin-k
- https://examine.com/supplements/vitamin-k/#how-to-take
- https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-high-in-vitamin-k
- https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-vitamin-k
- https://ro.co/health-guide/vitamin-k-benefits/
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vitamink/facts.html
- https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/vitamins/vitamin-k-deficiency
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/vitamin-k-class-oral-route-parenteral-route/side-effects/drg-20069592
- https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/supplement/vitamin-k
- https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219867#risks
- https://medlineplus.gov/vitamink.html
